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Simulation and design

Hjelseth, Snorre
Doctoral thesis, Peer reviewed
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URI
http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2433549
Date
2016
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  • Doktoravhandlinger / Doctoral theses [62]
Abstract
In this thesis, I investigate the use of simulation, game engines and real-time

interaction in user-centred design for the maritime sector. In this sector, users

are involved in complex safety critical operations carried out in very

challenging and shifting conditions. This is a major challenge for workers

and currently human failure is the main cause of maritime accidents.

To help relieve such problems, product and interaction design have

traditionally applied a user-centred design approach. However, in the

maritime sector, user-centred design approaches has only been used to a very

limited extent. I raise two major challenges for applying user-centred design

in maritime design. First, it is very difficult to account for the complexity of

maritime context in on-shore design situations. Second, it is difficult for

designers to gain access to user context as part of the design process.

Due to these challenges, I argue there is need for new approaches to

handle the holistic design process necessary to understand relations between

existing events and future scenarios in terms of context, operation, tasks,

technology, systems and users. I propose that applying computer-simulated

scenarios in user-centred design can help relieve the aforementioned

problems and so position user-centred design in a more central role regarding

innovation in the maritime sector.

Through several case studies of design projects in the maritime industry, I

have researched the role of user-centred design in maritime innovation and

have uncovered challenges that need to be addressed. In adopting a research

by design approach, I have been able to implement new approaches using

simulation in collaborative design sessions at the front end of innovation

dealing with ideas and concepts. Game engines as both a platform and a

meditational tool have been explored and analysed so as to represent, model

and simulate boundary objects in real-time.

I propose that there is a need to approach user-centred design in the

maritime sector according to a ‘design in use time’ approach rather than a

‘design before use time’ approach. To do so I have used concepts and

taxonomies from simulation in the natural and social sciences to develop a

design-centred view on simulation. Such a design-centred view on simulation

seeks to create a design space for exploration intended to reveal the issues,

challenges, solutions and possibilities related to a particular context of use. I

introduce two new models to support a design-centred view on simulations.

The Contextual Simulation Space Model and the Contextual Simulation

Process Model. These models build on a combination of simulation,

gamification and real-time interaction to describe context-related events and

scenarios useable in collaborative design sessions with users and actors.

I suggest that, when used as a simulation tool, the game engine functions

as a platform connecting the different types of media used to construct

scenarios. In addition, game engines offers game-related functions that also

can be used in by designers to render user experiences. The use of game

engine driven scenarios may help designers to work with complexity on

multiple levels, which addresses the web of connections between context,

operations, tasks, systems, technology and users. My analysis shows that we

can use simulation to model the actions and behaviours of users together with

the evolution of systems as a time-based method to immerse the designer ‘in

use time’. I argue time element is vital when designing for safety and critical

operations, and I show how simulation and gamification using real-time

interaction can be used to manipulate time in the scenarios I have developed.

Overall, the research can lead to a better understanding of simulation in usercentred

design as well as how it can be developed further to address the

safety and critical matters in other domains.
Publisher
Oslo School of Architecture and Design
Series
CON-TEXT / Thesis;78

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